Advanced Troubleshooting of Rotating Equipment

INTRODUCTION

• Engineers and technicians working in application and management of predictive maintenance
• Designers and production managers and engineers working in technical and design modification roles within industries

• Have a detailed understanding of Advanced Time and Frequency Analysis Techniques
• Have the knowledge to assess accurately Machinery Condition
• Have acquired a knowledge of Accurate Diagnosis of Antifriction Bearings
• Have acquired a knowledge of Accurate Evaluation of Gear Problems
• Have acquired a knowledge of Structural Troubleshooting
• Have acquired a knowledge of Predicting Remaining Machine Life

• Sampling, Aliasing, Digitising
• Time, frequency and modal domains
• Time & Frequency Representation
• Frequency domain instrumentation
• Fast Fourier transforms
• Windowing
• Filtering
• Averaging
• Amplitude Scales
• Transmission Path Effects
• Harmonic, periodic, random motion
• Generated and excited frequencies
• Frequencies caused by electronic phenomena
• Relationship between velocity, displacement and acceleration
• Band selectable analysis and real time bandwidth
• Speed and load adjusted sensitivity
• Identifying imbalance; bent shaft; soft foot; looseness; horizontal, vertical, offset, and angular misalignment; noise; resonance; rubs; oil whirl
• Case studies

• Principles of the envelope
• Pulse trains and line spectra
• Loaded element modulation
• Definitions of the ceptrum
• The autocorrelation function and coding the cepstrum.
• Comparison with spectrum and phase sensitivity.
• Transmission path effects.
• Zoom cepstra and noise level effects.
• Dynamic range limitations and the effect of filter bandwidth.
• Other demodulation techniques
• Use of phase in diagnostics
• Case studies

• Data collection and transducer selection
• Frequency calculation
• Identifying (inner and outer race; multiple defects; defect severity; nature of defect; deep fatigue spalls; shallow flaking; frosting; acid etching/corrosion; fluting) defects
• Defects on balls/rollers and cage
• Inadequate lubrication
• Looseness; excessive internal clearance; turning on the shaft; loose in the housing
• Case studies

• Transducer selection
• Gear vibration theory
• Gearmesh frequency; harmonics and subharmonics
• Hunting tooth frequency
• Planetary gears
• Gear life expectancy
• Identifying eccentric gears; out-of-round; bent shaft; loose; worn; misaligned; backlash problems; oscillating gears; broken, cracked or chipped teeth
• Case studies

• Vibration Control (transmissibility, excitation, design charts)
• Fundamentals of isolator selection/damping applications
• Structural supports Considerations
• Critical Shaft Speeds
• Vibration in Ducts
• Vibrational control via structural modification
• Electric motor analysis; out-of-magnetic centre; broken rotor bars; turn to-turn shorts; siren effect
• Steam turbines
• Pumps, starvation and cavitation
• Special tests; start-up/coast down; bump tests; noise recording; synchronous time averaging (STA); relative motion measurements (RMM)
• Dual-channel impact testing
• Modal analysis (Natural frequency/mode shape/damping)
• Start-up/coast-down testing
• Critical speeds/damping
• Operational deflection shapes
• Case studies

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